Human Rights Violations in Gaza: An Analytical Review of the Positions of Arab Countries and Pakistan

الملخص

The conflict in Gaza following 7 October 2023 produced one of the gravest humanitarian and human-rights crises of the contemporary period. Large-scale civilian deaths, destruction of homes and public infrastructure, repeated displacement, and severe restrictions on food, water, medicine and shelter generated sustained concern under international human-rights law and international humanitarian law. This article examines the political, diplomatic and humanitarian positions adopted by Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and other Arab states, Iran, Pakistan, and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). It finds broad rhetorical support for Palestinian rights but significant differences in policy instruments, diplomatic constraints and willingness to bear political or economic costs. Arab responses have frequently reflected security alignments, normalization policies and wider geopolitical interests, whereas Pakistan has retained a comparatively consistent policy of non-recognition of Israel and support for Palestinian self-determination. The article concludes that fragmented Muslim-state action and the limited enforcement capacity of the OIC have reduced their collective influence. Stronger diplomatic coordination, sustained humanitarian commitments, compliance with international law and a credible political process remain essential to protect civilians and advance Palestinian rights.